Proposition
Named by 2 essays across one field — each of them below, with the objects they name alongside it.
The court that contradicts itself
Three judges each answer three questions, and each answers them consistently. Take the majority on each question separately and the answers no longer hang together — the body as a whole endorses a combination no member of it holds, and no rearrangement of the procedure removes the problem.
Which vote finds the truth more often
A court that must decide two premises and their conjunction can vote on the premises or on the conclusion, and the two votes sometimes disagree. Suppose there is a right answer and each judge is more often right than wrong. Then the question has an exact answer: for three judges the conclusion vote is more often right when competence is below √½ and the premise vote above it, and in a large court the premise vote wins at any competence — while the conclusion vote turns out to be a built-in standard of proof.
Named alongside it
The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.
AggregationAxiomBiasBinomial distributionCondorcet jury theoremConsistencyExhaustive searchImpossibilityIndependenceJudgement aggregationLogical connectiveMajority