Generator

A disc unrolled into a triangle

A generator in the geometry library, called 17 times across 4 essays. Below: what it draws with nothing chosen and at each mode an essay asks for, what it checks while drawing, and everywhere it is used.

unroll is one function. Everything below came out of it during this build, at parameters taken from the essays rather than invented for this page — so a figure here is the same figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

With nothing chosen

A disc unrolled into a triangle. A disc cut into 12 concentric rings, and the same rings straightened and stacked. The longest is the outer circumference; the shortest is nearly a point; the stack is a triangle.

A disc unrolled into a triangle

A disc unrolled into a triangle. A disc cut into 16 concentric rings, and the same rings straightened and stacked. The longest is the outer circumference; the shortest is nearly a point; the stack is a triangle.

More rings, straighter edge

More rings, straighter edge. The same unrolling at three ring counts. The stack's sloping side is a staircase at every finite count and a straight line only in the limit.

A circle trapped between two 12-sided polygons

A circle trapped between two 12-sided polygons. A circle with a regular polygon of 12 sides inscribed in it and another circumscribed about it, beside a table of the bounds on pi obtained by doubling the side count.

A hemisphere and a cylinder with a cone taken out, sliced at one height

A hemisphere and a cylinder with a cone taken out, sliced at one height. Two solids drawn in profile — a hemisphere, and a cylinder with a cone removed — each cut at the same height, with the disc and the annulus the cut produces marked and their equal areas given.

Where slicing gives the area, and where it does not

Where slicing gives the area, and where it does not. Two panels: a rectangle beside a sheared copy with matching horizontal slices marked, of equal area; and a square cut by rays from one corner into an inner and an outer region whose chords are in a fixed ratio and whose areas are not.

What it checks while it draws

Collected by running the family and recording what it asserted, not written here. The count is how many separate times the claim was put to the test while these drawings were made.

Where it is called

Every figure on this list is drawn by the same rule, so a change to the rule changes all of them at once. That is why the list is published.

The whole library · What the figures prove