Generator

construct

A generator in the computation library, called 19 times across 6 essays. Below: what it draws at its defaults and at each mode an essay asks for, what it checks while drawing, and everywhere it is used.

construct is one function. Everything below came out of it during this build, at parameters taken from the essays rather than invented for this page — so a figure here is the same figure a reader meets in an essay, and if the generator changes, this page changes with it.

At its defaults

Two points, and everything one round of compass and straightedge addsTwo starting points with the line and circles they permit, and the four points where those objects cross.01−12√3⁄2−√3⁄2two points, 1 line and 2 circles, 4 new pointseach new point was checked to lie on two of the objects drawn before it

show: "root"

Constructing the square root of 7A semicircle on a diameter split into two parts, with the perpendicular at the split reaching the arc.17√71 and 7 on one line, and the perpendicular where they meet has height √7 = 2.6458the apex sits on the semicircle, so it sees the diameter at a right angle — checked, at 0

show: "trisect"

Which angles with a rational cosine can be cut in threeA dial of angles marked trisectable or not, beside the cubic whose rational roots decided each one.3 trisect · 14 do notcos θθrational root8/8y = 17/829°none6/841°none5/851°none4/860°none3/868°none2/876°none1/883°none0/890°y = 0-1/897°none-2/8104°none-3/8112°none-4/8120°none-5/8129°none-6/8139°none-7/8151°none-8/8180°y = -1cos θ = k/8 for k from 8 down to −8: 3 of 17 angles trisecteach verdict is the rational root theorem run to the end — 18–28 candidates per cubic, every onedivided out

show: "polygons"

Which regular polygons a compass and straightedge can draw, up to 100A grid of the integers with the constructible ones filled in, each verdict computed two independent ways.3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 8 · 10 · 12 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 20 · 24 · …3φ24φ25φ46φ27φ68φ49φ610φ411φ1012φ413φ1214φ615φ816φ817φ1618φ619φ1820φ821φ1222φ1023φ2224φ825φ2026φ1227φ1828φ1229φ2830φ831φ3032φ1633φ2034φ1635φ2436φ1237φ3638φ1839φ2440φ1641φ4042φ1243φ4244φ2045φ2446φ2247φ4648φ1649φ4250φ2051φ3252φ2453φ5254φ1855φ4056φ2457φ3658φ2859φ5860φ1661φ6062φ3063φ3664φ3265φ4866φ2067φ6668φ3269φ4470φ2471φ7072φ2473φ7274φ3675φ4076φ3677φ6078φ2479φ7880φ3281φ5482φ4083φ8284φ2485φ6486φ4287φ5688φ4089φ8890φ2491φ7292φ4493φ6094φ4695φ7296φ3297φ9698φ4299φ60100φ40n = 3 to 100: 24 constructible, 74 notdecided twice — by the Fermat-prime criterion and by φ(n) being a power of two — and thetwo agreed at every one of the 98

What it checks while it draws

Collected by running the family and recording what it asserted, not written here. The count is how many separate times the claim was put to the test while these drawings were made.

Where it is called

Changing this generator changes every figure on this list. That is what makes the list worth publishing rather than keeping in a check script.

Computation

Every step is a square root

A line meets a line by solving a linear equation and a circle by solving a quadratic one. There is no third case, so the numbers a construction reaches can only ever double in complexity — and a doubling is a thing that can be counted.

Computation

The angle that will not divide by three

Halving an angle costs one circle. Cutting it in three means solving a cubic, and for sixty degrees that cubic has no rational root — but plenty of angles do trisect, and which ones is a question with a countable answer.

Computation

The circle that will not square

The other three impossibilities are a number having the wrong degree. This one is a number having no degree at all — and that is a claim no finite search can establish, which makes it the one place in this field where the picture has to admit what it is not doing.

Computation

The cube that will not double

Doubling a cube needs an edge in the ratio of the cube root of two. That number satisfies an equation of degree three, three does not divide any power of two, and the oldest open problem in geometry closes in a line.

Computation

What two points can build

A compass and a straightedge are not a craft. They are two operations on a set of points, applied over and over, and writing them that way turns "can this be drawn?" into a question with an answer.

Computation

Which polygons can be drawn

Three sides yes, seven no, seventeen yes. The list of constructible regular polygons is neither everything nor almost nothing, and the pattern in it is a fact about which numbers are one less than a power of two.

The whole library · What the figures prove